Biomass waste as corrosion inhibitor for metals in corrosive media

Due to increasing pollution that can be attributed primarily to fossil fuel consumption the world has been facing unprecedented challenges. This has caused global warming and aggravated the current pandemic (COVID-19) problem, as well. Owing to the increasing demand for fossil fuels and excessive consumption of petroleum-based resources, it has become vital to adopt alternative renewable sources. In recent times, biomass waste is being used efficiently as an ideal green corrosion inhibitor because of its availability, ecological acceptability, biodegradability, renewability, phytoconstituent-rich nature, and, most significantly, nontoxic nature. Their valorizations expand potential application in the industry rather than "waste to energy" in the circular economy perception. There is a strong interest globally in developing suitable technology that can use biomass wastes for different applications, including corrosion inhibitors. In this regard, this chapter presents a collection of articles designed to inform metallurgists, designers, and engineers of the nature of corrosion and means of its prevention. Beginning with the analysis of fundamental scientific principles involved in corrosion science, it covers the basics as well as other topics such as causes of corrosion, methods of mitigating corrosion, the use and characteristics of inhibitors, classes of corrosion inhibitors, factors to consider in selecting corrosion inhibitor, and classification of corrosion inhibitors. Attention is given to biomass waste inhibitors through literature review and the biomass wastes extract used as corrosion inhibitors and their acting mechanisms are presented. Sections include an introduction, corrosion inhibitors, and biomass waste extract as corrosion inhibitors. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved.

Knowledge and uptake of e-learning among Nigerian students during the COVID-19 lockdown

This study evaluates the uptake of e-learning among students of Ado-Odo Ota local government area, Nigeria, during COVID-19 lockdown. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of primary and secondary school students from January to February 2021. Data were analysed with IBM-SPSS version 25.0. 28.4% knew about e-learning;14.7% have ever participated in e-learning, and 8.4% participated during the lockdown. Only 26.6% had access to the internet, computers (1.1%), and phones/tablets (5.5%). The primary reason for not participating in e-learning was lack of awareness (78.2%), no money to buy data (8.9%), and no computers/android/tablets (12.9%). Overall, 57.1% attended tutorials outside their homes, but almost 43.4% said three people shared a bench. Education does not have to be shut down due to pandemics, and students should not be limited to only classroom teaching methods but be introduced to e-learning. © 2022 Olaniyi Felix Sanni, Paul Olaiya Abiodun, Ali Johnson Onoja, Freddy Rukema Kaniki and Abike Elizabeth Sanni.